How to use medicine is the key to rice cultivation

"There is no harvest to watch the seed, harvest more harvest less look at plant protection". From this point of view, the main techniques in rice cultivation are seed and plant protection. Rice is a food crop that is seriously attacked by pests and diseases in our country, and it is also a crop with a large amount of drugs for disease and pest control. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote rice science to reduce drug use.

Over the years, under the guidance of the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" plant protection policy, China has done some work in the field of drug use, and made certain achievements. However, there are also many problems in rice medicine, and farmers often reflect that although the damage degree of diseases and insects in some rice fields is not too serious, the effect of prevention and control is still not ideal, and the control of diseases and pests is not effective. How to improve the effect of prevention and control while reducing investment and saving labor? It is necessary to change the extensive control methods in the past, scientifically use low-toxic pesticide varieties, adopt combination drug use, reduce drug use and improve application technology, and effectively improve the level of scientific drug use prevention and control of rice.

First, scientific medicine is important in "moderation"

Due to the recurrence and frequent occurrence of rice diseases and insects, the compound preparations, especially the compound varieties of pesticides, are too many and too chaotic, and the planting system of one family leads to the blind and indiscriminate use of pesticides by farmers. A batch of new products such as taitao, Kangguan, pyrifolone, Nadiwein and so on have been promoted and applied in production, these agents have novel mechanism of action, high efficacy, long duration, we must change the previous drug use mode and habits, and guide farmers to use these new agents in a controlled, scientific and rational way.

At the same time, rice field is a relatively stable ecosystem, so we should give full play to the self-regulation function of rice field ecosystem and protect farmland ecosystem. Careful use of pesticides requires the mastery of several basic principles:

1. Focus on ecological regulation.

Rice has strong photosynthesis and good self-repair ability, so it is necessary to give full play to its self-repair function. At the same time, the natural enemies of rice fields should be protected, their natural control role should be brought into play, and the medicine should be applied in strict accordance with the control index.

2. Rational drug use.

According to the action mechanism of pesticides, the appropriate control period was selected. For example, thiazidone, which has slow insecticidal action, long duration and good effect on nymphs but poor effect on adults, should be used in the younger nymphs of the previous generation of rice planthopper main infestation generation to reduce the population number of rice planthopper main infestation generation and reduce the control pressure. Pyrifolone, which has high absorbency, long duration and is effective to both adult and nymphs, should be used as the main pest of rice planthopper in local areas.

3. Alternate medications.

Drugs are classified according to the mechanism of action. Between the upper and lower generations or between the first and last two doses, drugs with no interactive resistance or different mechanism of action are used alternately to avoid continuous single use of a certain agent and delay the development of resistance. For example, the rice brown planthopper can be controlled by pyrifolone, endinium, chlorpyrifos, etc.; Chlorfenamide, abamectin, amamectin, indocarb, furanohydrazide, fluridinide, etc. can be used to control rice leaf roller. Tricyclozole, oryzoline, chunraimycin and other agents can be used to control rice blast.

4. Limit medication.

In order to delay the development of resistance to pests and diseases, the principle of restricted use (that is, limiting the number of uses within a growing period) is applied to novel drug varieties. For example, chlorobenzamide, an activator of fish nitin receptor, is mainly used to control the main harmful generation of rice leaf roller and dicarborer, and it is recommended to limit the use once per growing season. Pyridine-methylimide heterocyclic insecticide pyridinone is mainly used to control the main harmful generation of rice brown planthopper, white back planthopper and gray planthopper. It is recommended to limit the use of rice to 1-2 times per growing season (only 1 time for one planthopper).

5. Discontinue medication.

Agents that have developed high resistance to pests and diseases and agents that have cross-resistance must be suspended. For example, the rice brown planthopper has developed a high level of resistance to imidacloprid, so it is not suitable to use imidacloprid to control rice brown planthopper. In Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Hunan Province, the use of triazophos and triazophos should be suspended for the prevention and control of the insect.

Use drugs safely.

Second, master key technologies to get twice the result with half the effort

1. Focus on green prevention and control. Grasp the varieties and cultivation of disease prevention agronomic measures, soil and seedling treatment, seed treatment and seedling stage control, especially the unified rice seedling field control, do a good job of "sending medicine", play a multiplier effect. It is necessary to integrate and promote the application of a number of practical technologies, including ecological regulation, light trapping, information orientation, odor avoidance and biopesticide technologies and product applications, promote duck and crab farming in paddy fields where conditions permit, and promote environmentally friendly technologies such as biopesticides. At the same time, the whole rice crop solution can be promoted and applied, which can reduce the application times of 2 ~ 3 times.

2. Use combination drugs. By carrying out experimental demonstration, the drug combination mode of two or more drugs, such as medication time and low dose, was studied to reduce the cost of medication and reduce the use of pesticides.

3. Promote reduced drug use. Appropriate application methods and time were used to select safe and environmentally friendly pesticide varieties to improve the effect of disease and insect control, delay the development of resistance to rice pests and diseases, and reduce the cost of prevention and control per unit area.

4. Vigorously carry out professional unified defense rule. Professional control and control is an effective way to solve the difficulty of disease control and pest control in one household, improve the control effect and reduce pesticide pollution, and is also an effective measure to control the use of highly toxic pesticides and reduce the poisoning of applicators, especially suitable for the occurrence of migratory, epidemic and fulminant rice pests and diseases. It is necessary to advocate and popularize all kinds of specialized control organizations to carry out specialized control and control of rice diseases and insects, ensure the control effect and reduce the production cost.

5. Promote spraying equipment and advanced spraying technology. In the middle and late period of rice growth, the leaves are lush and can be sprayed by self-propelled sprayer. This kind of sprayer has good droplet penetration and can go directly to the middle and lower part of the plant, which has good control effect on rice plantworms and greatly improves operation efficiency. Implement low capacity spraying to improve the utilization rate of pesticides.

6. Add additives. The surface wax layer of rice leaves is thick, the leaves belong to the natural superhydrophobic biological surface, and the water droplets have large contact Angle on the surface of rice leaves, which is not easy to stay wet. When spraying pesticides, silicone additives can be added to the chemicals to improve the adhesion and diffusion of the liquid on the crop surface, improve the utilization rate of pesticides and control effect.

7. Promote late spike drug use. Rice blast disease, rice stalk disease, leaf sheath rot and other diseases often occur in the later stage of rice growth, which affects the yield and quality. Fungicides such as Bigram, Aiseedling and Nadistable can be vigorously promoted to prevent and control the late rice diseases, increase the 1000-grain weight and increase the yield.